Title: Identify tree diseases caused by biotic agents, abiotic agents, environmental stressors, and anthropogenic activity.
Course: Forestry Management, Advanced (18502-II) > Section: Protecting the Forest

Identification should include diseases brought about by

- biotic factors
  - fungi
  - bacteria
  - viruses
  - nematodes
  - insects
- abiotic factors
  - environmental stress
    - drought
    - heat
    - cold
    - nutrient deficiencies
  - soil conditions
  - soil compaction
- invasive species
- anthropogenic activities.

Notable diseases include Dutch elm disease and beech bark disease.

Process/Skill Questions:

- How can livestock damage the forest?
- What can be done to prevent livestock damage?
- What are the economic effects of insect pests, diseases, and animal pests?
- How can deer overpopulation affect the forest?