Title: Describe the foaling process.
Course: Equine Science, Advanced (18104-II) > Section: Caring for the Mare and Foal

Description should include

- stages of parturition including expected timeline
- listing indications of approaching parturition
  - milk calcium testing
  - elongated vulva
  - softening of the ligaments at the tail head
  - waxing up at the teats
- describing actions to take in the foaling process
- acting based on foal presentation to correct certain situations and aid the process
- listing essential ways to help in the foaling process
- listing necessary items for a foaling kit
- listing situations requiring veterinarian assistance.

Process/Skill Questions:

- What items should be included in a foaling kit?
- What are three signs that a mare is one week from foaling?
- What are indicators of a mare being in stage two of labor?
- How long should it take for a mare to pass the placenta after foaling?
- When are placental membranes expelled?
- What happens if the placental membranes are not expelled?
- When is veterinary assistance required?
- What should be included in an initial foal exam?
- What is the normal presentation of the foal?  What presentations may indicate dystocia and the need for emergency veterinary care?