Title: Describe the effects of opioid use on human body systems.
Course: Sterile Processing Technician II (14201-II) > Section: Understanding Pain Management Protocols

Description should include methods of use as well as the following:

- Short-term effects of opioids
  - Central nervous system (CNS)
    - Euphoria and pain relief
    - Sedation and drowsiness
    - Impaired cognitive function and judgment
    - Respiratory depression (risk of overdose)
  - Cardiovascular system
    - Initial increase in heart rate (tachycardia)
    - Possible fluctuations in blood pressure
  - Gastrointestinal system
    - Nausea and vomiting
    - Constipation
  - Endocrine system
    - Decreased sex drive
    - Hormonal imbalances
  - Other effects
    - Itching or rash
    - Dry mouth
    - Sweating
- Long-term effects of opioids
  - CNS
    - Development of tolerance and dependence
    - Increased risk of addiction and mental health disorders (e.g., depression, anxiety)
    - Cognitive deficits impacting memory and decision-making
  - Cardiovascular system
    - Long-term fluctuations in heart rate and blood pressure
    - Potential strain on the heart from chronic use
  - Gastrointestinal system
    - Chronic constipation leading to bowel obstruction
    - Long-term digestive issues
  - Endocrine system
    - Hypogonadism (testes or ovaries don’t function properly leading to a deficiency in sex hormones)
    - Menstrual irregularities in women
    - Increased risk of osteoporosis and fractures
  - Liver and kidney function
    - Potential liver damage from prolonged use
    - Risk of kidney damage due to dehydration and other factors
  - Immune system
    - Suppression of immune function
    - Increased susceptibility to infections

Process/Skill Questions:

- How does the misuse of opioids affect nutrition and weight loss?
- How might opioid misuse be evident in a person’s vital signs?
- How do opioids affect the brain as the control center for homeostasis?
- What are the significant short- and long-term effects of opioids on human body systems?
- What is the importance of awareness and management of opioid use to mitigate adverse effects on the body’s systems?